Therapists in Guelph, ON

Photo of Angela Gray, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
Angela Gray
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
I embody a relational approach to therapy with an emphasis on caring over curing. I view each of my clients not as a problem to solve, but as a person with a sacred story to witness. I believe you are the expert of your own story, and my role is to join you as a curious, empathetic sojourner. Together we will co-create a space of safety where deep healing and transformation can occur. I practice a self-psychological therapeutic modality based on the principle that the relationship we build together as therapist and client can become a profound source of healing.
I embody a relational approach to therapy with an emphasis on caring over curing. I view each of my clients not as a problem to solve, but as a person with a sacred story to witness. I believe you are the expert of your own story, and my role is to join you as a curious, empathetic sojourner. Together we will co-create a space of safety where deep healing and transformation can occur. I practice a self-psychological therapeutic modality based on the principle that the relationship we build together as therapist and client can become a profound source of healing.
(226) 799-9490 View (226) 799-9490
Photo of Tania Isnor (Off The Couch Counselling), Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Guelph, ON
Tania Isnor (Off The Couch Counselling)
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, BA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Taking the first step towards self-awareness and healing can feel challenging. I am here to offer a safe, unbiased space to unpack emotions, experiences, and thoughts. Recognizing our internal dualities and reconnecting with our inner child, a wounded part of ourselves, can be transformative and healing. As your therapist, I am committed to supporting you by fostering self-awareness and challenging harmful patterns.
Taking the first step towards self-awareness and healing can feel challenging. I am here to offer a safe, unbiased space to unpack emotions, experiences, and thoughts. Recognizing our internal dualities and reconnecting with our inner child, a wounded part of ourselves, can be transformative and healing. As your therapist, I am committed to supporting you by fostering self-awareness and challenging harmful patterns.
(226) 796-0309 View (226) 796-0309
Photo of Taylor Ashley, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
Taylor Ashley
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Waitlist for new clients
My current passions are focused on helping people better understand and manage their ADHD, work through trauma at all levels, and navigate body image struggles as well as eating disorders. Her interest stems in part from her own journey of getting help for eating disorder treatment and ADHD. Taylor appreciates that although it can be difficult to reach out, she’s also personally experienced the relief and confidence that can be gained through a supportive therapeutic relationship. Taylor helps her clients not only feel heard and accepted, but also ensures they walk away with practical skills and strategies to help reduce anxiety.
My current passions are focused on helping people better understand and manage their ADHD, work through trauma at all levels, and navigate body image struggles as well as eating disorders. Her interest stems in part from her own journey of getting help for eating disorder treatment and ADHD. Taylor appreciates that although it can be difficult to reach out, she’s also personally experienced the relief and confidence that can be gained through a supportive therapeutic relationship. Taylor helps her clients not only feel heard and accepted, but also ensures they walk away with practical skills and strategies to help reduce anxiety.
(548) 488-3170 x128 View (548) 488-3170 x128
Photo of Anna R Wiebe, Registered Social Worker in Guelph, ON
Anna R Wiebe
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Guelph, ON N1H  (Online Only)
Hi there! I started Guesthouse Therapy with a desire to support individuals looking to deepen their relationship with themselves and improve their quality of life. If you are struggling with high stress, anxiety, or depression, because of issues related to your relationships, work, or identity, past or present, you are in the right place. I work with a systemic lens, constantly learning about what it means to be anti-racist and anti-oppressive, and practicing within those frameworks. I am aware and critical of environmental, cultural, and societal impacts on our mental health.
Hi there! I started Guesthouse Therapy with a desire to support individuals looking to deepen their relationship with themselves and improve their quality of life. If you are struggling with high stress, anxiety, or depression, because of issues related to your relationships, work, or identity, past or present, you are in the right place. I work with a systemic lens, constantly learning about what it means to be anti-racist and anti-oppressive, and practicing within those frameworks. I am aware and critical of environmental, cultural, and societal impacts on our mental health.
(226) 909-3128 View (226) 909-3128
Photo of Mary Lee Knox-Bauer, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Guelph, ON
Mary Lee Knox-Bauer
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, RP(Q), CRPO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Accepting New Clients - Trying to manage your mental health can feel exhausting without the right support. My goal is to help you get some sense of relief and support you in understanding why you may get caught in unhelpful thinking pattens. I will work with you so that you can experience helpful changes in your day-to-day life. As a starting step, we can schedule a free phone consult so you get a chance to connect with me. The easiest way to book an appointment is through our website (chettiarcounselling.ca)
Accepting New Clients - Trying to manage your mental health can feel exhausting without the right support. My goal is to help you get some sense of relief and support you in understanding why you may get caught in unhelpful thinking pattens. I will work with you so that you can experience helpful changes in your day-to-day life. As a starting step, we can schedule a free phone consult so you get a chance to connect with me. The easiest way to book an appointment is through our website (chettiarcounselling.ca)
(548) 457-1124 x104 View (548) 457-1124 x104
Photo of Nichole Caswell, Registered Social Worker in Guelph, ON
Nichole Caswell
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Guelph, ON N1E
Hello, my name is Nichole Caswell. I'm a registered social worker with several years of training and experience working with individuals and families. I hope to empower clients to make changes in their lives. I strive to create a secure and supportive environment, allowing for an atmosphere that feels comfortable and collaborative. I listen to my clients with compassion and strive to create a safe space for people to share their experiences and hopes for the future.
Hello, my name is Nichole Caswell. I'm a registered social worker with several years of training and experience working with individuals and families. I hope to empower clients to make changes in their lives. I strive to create a secure and supportive environment, allowing for an atmosphere that feels comfortable and collaborative. I listen to my clients with compassion and strive to create a safe space for people to share their experiences and hopes for the future.
(226) 270-2985 View (226) 270-2985
Photo of Samantha Turner, Registered Social Worker in Guelph, ON
Samantha Turner
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Swinging between overwhelm and numb/flat? Stuck in patterns that you wish you could change but continue to repeat despite effort? Maybe your past continues to replay in your present? Maybe you feel unsafe or on edge all the time? Experienced a traumatic event or major life transition that has thrown you off kilter? Or just at a loss of what to do next?
Swinging between overwhelm and numb/flat? Stuck in patterns that you wish you could change but continue to repeat despite effort? Maybe your past continues to replay in your present? Maybe you feel unsafe or on edge all the time? Experienced a traumatic event or major life transition that has thrown you off kilter? Or just at a loss of what to do next?
(226) 887-8370 View (226) 887-8370
Photo of Emily Hansen, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
Emily Hansen
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
Guelph, ON N1H
Not accepting new clients
Emily Hansen is a Registered Psychotherapist and holds a Master’s Degree in Spiritual Care and Psychotherapy and an Honours Degree in Psychology from Wilfrid Laurier University. Emily is highly experienced working with adults, teens, and children through a range of issues including anxiety, depression, anger, and complex family issues.
Emily Hansen is a Registered Psychotherapist and holds a Master’s Degree in Spiritual Care and Psychotherapy and an Honours Degree in Psychology from Wilfrid Laurier University. Emily is highly experienced working with adults, teens, and children through a range of issues including anxiety, depression, anger, and complex family issues.
(548) 490-3042 x111 View (548) 490-3042 x111
Photo of Tristan Price, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
Tristan Price
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc, RP, RMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
As a psychotherapist with 9 years of experience, I have grown to know that I have a passion for witnessing clients discover the values they cherish, and utilize those to achieve their goals. I know that people flourish in therapy and counselling when they have a good relationship with their therapist. I am devoted to creating and maintaining a safe, non-judgemental, calm, and sensitive therapeutic space in which you will receive appropriate support.
As a psychotherapist with 9 years of experience, I have grown to know that I have a passion for witnessing clients discover the values they cherish, and utilize those to achieve their goals. I know that people flourish in therapy and counselling when they have a good relationship with their therapist. I am devoted to creating and maintaining a safe, non-judgemental, calm, and sensitive therapeutic space in which you will receive appropriate support.
(226) 212-5049 View (226) 212-5049
Photo of Craig Oolup, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
Craig Oolup
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
I am a registered psychotherapist holding over 12 years of experience working with youth and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I offer a creative and client-centred approach to counselling to help individuals develop and reach their own goals. I apply a trauma-informed and anti-oppressive lens in all the work that I do.
I am a registered psychotherapist holding over 12 years of experience working with youth and adults in both inpatient and outpatient settings. I offer a creative and client-centred approach to counselling to help individuals develop and reach their own goals. I apply a trauma-informed and anti-oppressive lens in all the work that I do.
(226) 779-3451 View (226) 779-3451
Photo of Marnie C Neve in Guelph, ON
Marnie C Neve
MA CPsy, RYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1G
I work with individuals seeking guidance, emotional support, mental clarity, harmony in mind and body. Whether experiencing relationship conflict, stress, grief, trauma or seeking new perspectives and fresh solutions on your life journey, the essence of my approach is to provide a safe, supportive base where you can explore, understand, and heal issues causing discomfort and imbalance in your life. Physical limitations, social discomfort, and the challenge of living in a fast-paced changing world all contribute to "dis-ease" in the body/mind. This can present itself in the form of anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, eating disorders, addiction and more.
I work with individuals seeking guidance, emotional support, mental clarity, harmony in mind and body. Whether experiencing relationship conflict, stress, grief, trauma or seeking new perspectives and fresh solutions on your life journey, the essence of my approach is to provide a safe, supportive base where you can explore, understand, and heal issues causing discomfort and imbalance in your life. Physical limitations, social discomfort, and the challenge of living in a fast-paced changing world all contribute to "dis-ease" in the body/mind. This can present itself in the form of anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, eating disorders, addiction and more.
(647) 697-4056 x416709 View (647) 697-4056 x416709
Photo of Hari Chettiar, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
Hari Chettiar
Registered Psychotherapist, MC, RP, CRPO
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Have you been shutting down or having angry outbursts more often? Do you feel lost during such moments? It seems like you have tried everything, but you still feel stuck and your worries seem to be getting worse. I understand that it can feel scary to reach out to a counsellor. You want to make sure that the person you talk to has the right expertise and is a good fit for you. I am interested in learning more about what you are experiencing. The easiest way to book an appointment is through our website (chettiarcounselling.ca)
Have you been shutting down or having angry outbursts more often? Do you feel lost during such moments? It seems like you have tried everything, but you still feel stuck and your worries seem to be getting worse. I understand that it can feel scary to reach out to a counsellor. You want to make sure that the person you talk to has the right expertise and is a good fit for you. I am interested in learning more about what you are experiencing. The easiest way to book an appointment is through our website (chettiarcounselling.ca)
(226) 400-7574 x103 View (226) 400-7574 x103
Photo of Guelph Psychology Centre in Guelph, ON
Guelph Psychology Centre
Verified Verified
Guelph, ON N1G
We are a group of highly skilled and understanding psychologists offering a breadth of psychological and related services to adults, adolescents, children, couples and families in the Guelph and surrounding areas. We are committed to providing the finest, broad range of psychological services to assist you in your emotional growth, physical health, and overall well-being. The psychologists at Guelph Psychology Centre are dedicated to providing quality psychological services to help you achieve your goals.
We are a group of highly skilled and understanding psychologists offering a breadth of psychological and related services to adults, adolescents, children, couples and families in the Guelph and surrounding areas. We are committed to providing the finest, broad range of psychological services to assist you in your emotional growth, physical health, and overall well-being. The psychologists at Guelph Psychology Centre are dedicated to providing quality psychological services to help you achieve your goals.
(226) 408-4838 View (226) 408-4838
Photo of Sparks Counselling , Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Guelph, ON
Sparks Counselling
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP (Q), MACP, MOA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Mary Lee provides a safe and non-judgmental space where clients can be their authentic selves. She uses an Electic approach, by moving back and forth between CBT, Humanistic, Solution-focused, ACT, and Strength-based therapy to go where her clients need her to go. She is enthusiastic about working with her clients to find healthy coping strategies, self-care practices and tools to support them as they navigate daily struggles, major life challenges and changes to lower stress levels, and achieve a more harmonious balance. She has personal life experience navigating chronic pain, blended families, disabilities and disorders.
Mary Lee provides a safe and non-judgmental space where clients can be their authentic selves. She uses an Electic approach, by moving back and forth between CBT, Humanistic, Solution-focused, ACT, and Strength-based therapy to go where her clients need her to go. She is enthusiastic about working with her clients to find healthy coping strategies, self-care practices and tools to support them as they navigate daily struggles, major life challenges and changes to lower stress levels, and achieve a more harmonious balance. She has personal life experience navigating chronic pain, blended families, disabilities and disorders.
(226) 271-7131 View (226) 271-7131
Photo of Pauline Peters, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
Pauline Peters
Registered Psychotherapist, BA , MA, RP
Verified Verified
Guelph, ON N1H
Life can often throw some unexpected curve balls our way. When upsets happen, it can be hard to cope. It can be challenging to find purpose and meaning in the midst of pain and disapppointment. We often end up feeling sad, angry, resentful, anxious and undone. We can often feel like there is no hope or that no one cares and, as a result, engage in negative thinking and harmful behaviours. You have strengths and values within you that we can explore to help you be the best you. I use a collaborative, client-centered and non-judgemental approach to help navigate through the issues that are of concern to you.
Life can often throw some unexpected curve balls our way. When upsets happen, it can be hard to cope. It can be challenging to find purpose and meaning in the midst of pain and disapppointment. We often end up feeling sad, angry, resentful, anxious and undone. We can often feel like there is no hope or that no one cares and, as a result, engage in negative thinking and harmful behaviours. You have strengths and values within you that we can explore to help you be the best you. I use a collaborative, client-centered and non-judgemental approach to help navigate through the issues that are of concern to you.
(226) 790-4117 x107 View (226) 790-4117 x107
Photo of Alessia Morrell, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
Alessia Morrell
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Anxiety struggles can be overwhelming, and difficult to overcome alone. So how do we cope when our worries and frustrations are magnified by a worldwide health crisis? You might think “other people have it worse, or my problem is silly”. However, our struggles aren’t measured by the event itself, they are based on the unique lens with which we view our experiences. Do you find yourself trying to escape from life, abusing substances or even feeling ashamed of your behaviour? If you're worried you're not ready or feel hesitant, there's no commitment necessary. Let's explore how we can work together to offer you relief.
Anxiety struggles can be overwhelming, and difficult to overcome alone. So how do we cope when our worries and frustrations are magnified by a worldwide health crisis? You might think “other people have it worse, or my problem is silly”. However, our struggles aren’t measured by the event itself, they are based on the unique lens with which we view our experiences. Do you find yourself trying to escape from life, abusing substances or even feeling ashamed of your behaviour? If you're worried you're not ready or feel hesitant, there's no commitment necessary. Let's explore how we can work together to offer you relief.
View
Photo of MyLife Counselling Guelph, Registered Psychotherapist in Guelph, ON
MyLife Counselling Guelph
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
MyLife Counselling is Guelph's largest private counselling centre with over 35 regulated therapists to choose from. We offer personalized and inclusive counselling services for adults, youth, couples, and families in-person and online. Our goal is to help you find a therapist that's the right fit for you so that you can get the help you need sooner than later.
MyLife Counselling is Guelph's largest private counselling centre with over 35 regulated therapists to choose from. We offer personalized and inclusive counselling services for adults, youth, couples, and families in-person and online. Our goal is to help you find a therapist that's the right fit for you so that you can get the help you need sooner than later.
(226) 400-6051 View (226) 400-6051
Photo of Delaney Hughes, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Guelph, ON
Delaney Hughes
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, MA, RP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, stress, relationship issues or other concerns then finding the right therapist is a step towards finding solutions and increased skills to dealing with these problems. My approach to therapy focuses on helping you become comfortable and confident in your own abilities, while introducing new strategies from evidence-based approaches to help you create a healthier and happier life. Being able to understand your own story and explore the background of your struggles often gives new meaning and an ability to see new solutions to difficult problems. This is what I work towards.
If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, stress, relationship issues or other concerns then finding the right therapist is a step towards finding solutions and increased skills to dealing with these problems. My approach to therapy focuses on helping you become comfortable and confident in your own abilities, while introducing new strategies from evidence-based approaches to help you create a healthier and happier life. Being able to understand your own story and explore the background of your struggles often gives new meaning and an ability to see new solutions to difficult problems. This is what I work towards.
(548) 483-6754 View (548) 483-6754
Photo of Jane Kraft, Registered Social Worker in Guelph, ON
Jane Kraft
Registered Social Worker, MA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Accepting new clients for my practice in Guelph with daytime, evening and weekend appointments, in person, online & phone. Are you finding yourself feeling stuck, worn down, anxious, burnt out or emotionally exhausted? Your mental health matters and seeking therapy is a step towards more valued living. Telling our stories of grief, pain, love and triumph can release the grip they may have on us or build us up as we deserve. Through our sessions, I hope we can work together to discover your stories, help you build new, positive ones and prepare you to think, act and feel more adept in the face of life’s challenges.
Accepting new clients for my practice in Guelph with daytime, evening and weekend appointments, in person, online & phone. Are you finding yourself feeling stuck, worn down, anxious, burnt out or emotionally exhausted? Your mental health matters and seeking therapy is a step towards more valued living. Telling our stories of grief, pain, love and triumph can release the grip they may have on us or build us up as we deserve. Through our sessions, I hope we can work together to discover your stories, help you build new, positive ones and prepare you to think, act and feel more adept in the face of life’s challenges.
(226) 780-8492 View (226) 780-8492
Photo of Mona Kim, Registered Social Worker in Guelph, ON
Mona Kim
Registered Social Worker, MSW RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H
Not accepting new clients
I am a registered clinical social worker /psychotherapist who uses EMDR as well as other therapy tools to work together with you to find a way for you to flow towards health, healing, and feeling better.
I am a registered clinical social worker /psychotherapist who uses EMDR as well as other therapy tools to work together with you to find a way for you to flow towards health, healing, and feeling better.
(226) 780-3406 View (226) 780-3406

See more therapy options for Guelph

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Guelph, ON

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Guelph, ON who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
82% Self Esteem
82% Stress
77% Relationship Issues
74% Coping Skills
72% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% SunLife
64% Green Shield Canada
64% Manulife

How Counsellors in Guelph, ON see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Guelph?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.