Counselling in London

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Photo of Janice Chan Therapy & Consulting, Counsellor in London, England
Janice Chan Therapy & Consulting
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W1B  (Online Only)
We all find ourselves feeling stuck in thinking and behaviour patterns that we wish were different at times. Talking to friends and family isn't always useful, or an option. That's where therapy may be more effective. I am a BACP registered psychological therapist with over a decade of experience of working multi-culturally using CBT, CPT, IFS and solution-focused approaches. I provide a warm, confidential, non-judgmental space to support you to work through life's issues.
We all find ourselves feeling stuck in thinking and behaviour patterns that we wish were different at times. Talking to friends and family isn't always useful, or an option. That's where therapy may be more effective. I am a BACP registered psychological therapist with over a decade of experience of working multi-culturally using CBT, CPT, IFS and solution-focused approaches. I provide a warm, confidential, non-judgmental space to support you to work through life's issues.
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Photo of Will Eckersley, Counsellor in London, England
Will Eckersley
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE1
Hi there, I'm Will, and whatever brings you here today – welcome, maybe I can help. I'm a BACP registered counsellor based in London Bridge, Crystal Palace and online, offering short and long-term therapy to adults. I work in a way that is kind, thoughtful and imaginative. First and foremost, I listen deeply – to the content and the process. Over time, I seek to make connections between patterns in your day-to-day life, to patterns from your past, to patterns in the dynamic between us. The result is a growing space of awareness around these that, grounded in a supportive relationship, fosters clarity, meaning and positive change.
Hi there, I'm Will, and whatever brings you here today – welcome, maybe I can help. I'm a BACP registered counsellor based in London Bridge, Crystal Palace and online, offering short and long-term therapy to adults. I work in a way that is kind, thoughtful and imaginative. First and foremost, I listen deeply – to the content and the process. Over time, I seek to make connections between patterns in your day-to-day life, to patterns from your past, to patterns in the dynamic between us. The result is a growing space of awareness around these that, grounded in a supportive relationship, fosters clarity, meaning and positive change.
020 3994 2353 View 020 3994 2353
Photo of London Accessible Psychotherapy Independent Svc, Psychologist in London, England
London Accessible Psychotherapy Independent Svc
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
London N10
LAPIS serves people with disabilities, carers and NHS workers/ healthworkers. LAPIS addresses the disadvantage in accessing therapy so people with physical disabilities, learning disabilities and life-changing physical health issues as well as those with learning disorders such as ASD and ADHD can address mental health issues. We do this by making available an accessible service that offers specialist Counselling and Psychotherapy as a low cost service that we strive to make available to all.
LAPIS serves people with disabilities, carers and NHS workers/ healthworkers. LAPIS addresses the disadvantage in accessing therapy so people with physical disabilities, learning disabilities and life-changing physical health issues as well as those with learning disorders such as ASD and ADHD can address mental health issues. We do this by making available an accessible service that offers specialist Counselling and Psychotherapy as a low cost service that we strive to make available to all.
07480 783279 View 07480 783279
Photo of Lucy Ball, Psychotherapist in London, England
Lucy Ball
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE10
When we’re feeling stuck or in pain, it can feel impossible to know how to move forward. We may feel overwhelmed by life’s challenges, or have a constant anxiety which plagues us, even if everything seems okay on the surface. Whatever your reason for being here, I will meet you where you’re at. My wish is for you to feel heard, seen, valued and understood, so that together, we can create a safe collaborative space for you to explore what is going on for you. As an integrative psychotherapist specialising in re-integrating emotional trauma, I have extensive experience of helping clients to process and release their pain.
When we’re feeling stuck or in pain, it can feel impossible to know how to move forward. We may feel overwhelmed by life’s challenges, or have a constant anxiety which plagues us, even if everything seems okay on the surface. Whatever your reason for being here, I will meet you where you’re at. My wish is for you to feel heard, seen, valued and understood, so that together, we can create a safe collaborative space for you to explore what is going on for you. As an integrative psychotherapist specialising in re-integrating emotional trauma, I have extensive experience of helping clients to process and release their pain.
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Photo of Nick Rawling, Psychotherapist in London, England
Nick Rawling
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE19
Many people feel 'stuck' and unable to move forward. I can help you unpick the reasons for this paralysis and find a way through your difficulties.Psychotherapy can help when life crises such as divorce, bereavement, ageing parents, or a lack of purpose become hard to deal with.
Many people feel 'stuck' and unable to move forward. I can help you unpick the reasons for this paralysis and find a way through your difficulties.Psychotherapy can help when life crises such as divorce, bereavement, ageing parents, or a lack of purpose become hard to deal with.
020 4524 2175 View 020 4524 2175
Photo of Milo Brandon - Online Hypnotherapy For Trauma, Psychotherapist in London, England
Milo Brandon - Online Hypnotherapy For Trauma
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London WC1H  (Online Only)
Are traumatic experiences holding you back? Do you want to process the disturbing things that have happened to you and not been processed? Maybe you do not even fully know what happened to you. This is quite common with trauma. Some events are either pre-verbal or have been dissociated. If any of this is you, then we can work together to manage anxiety, PTSD and C-PTSD. I use a mix of talk therapy, EMDR, NLP, parts work - all in combination with hypnotherapy to help clients. Hypnosis is important to the work as a state of very light trance enables you to access your thoughts and feelings more effectively.
Are traumatic experiences holding you back? Do you want to process the disturbing things that have happened to you and not been processed? Maybe you do not even fully know what happened to you. This is quite common with trauma. Some events are either pre-verbal or have been dissociated. If any of this is you, then we can work together to manage anxiety, PTSD and C-PTSD. I use a mix of talk therapy, EMDR, NLP, parts work - all in combination with hypnotherapy to help clients. Hypnosis is important to the work as a state of very light trance enables you to access your thoughts and feelings more effectively.
020 8138 8872 View 020 8138 8872
Photo of Dr Julie Baah, Psychologist in London, England
Dr Julie Baah
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London E14  (Online Only)
I am an experienced registered Clinical Psychologist who provides psychological therapy, consultation, training and workshops. I understand that life can bring a number of challenges and there are many reasons why people may choose to seek therapy. I provide specialist support to help people with a range of difficulties such as, stress, anxiety, trauma, low mood or adjustment difficulties. I work in a holistic way that takes into account your values, beliefs and culture in addition to providing you with evidenced-based skills, techniques and resources.
I am an experienced registered Clinical Psychologist who provides psychological therapy, consultation, training and workshops. I understand that life can bring a number of challenges and there are many reasons why people may choose to seek therapy. I provide specialist support to help people with a range of difficulties such as, stress, anxiety, trauma, low mood or adjustment difficulties. I work in a holistic way that takes into account your values, beliefs and culture in addition to providing you with evidenced-based skills, techniques and resources.
01708 206958 View 01708 206958
Photo of Approach Counselling & Coaching, Psychotherapist in London, England
Approach Counselling & Coaching
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London E1
My main approach is to encourage you to explore your feelings and take responsibility for your thoughts and actions. As I work in a way that empowers the client, I always work with what you present. Bottled up feelings such as anger, anxiety, grief, jealousy, sadness, shame and pain can become very overwhelming.The opportunity to express them can make it much easier to understand yourself and others. As I acknowledge your feelings and respect you as a person in your own right, you gain self-respect and a sense of being valued. This leads to building trust between counsellor and client, which is an essential part of the process.
My main approach is to encourage you to explore your feelings and take responsibility for your thoughts and actions. As I work in a way that empowers the client, I always work with what you present. Bottled up feelings such as anger, anxiety, grief, jealousy, sadness, shame and pain can become very overwhelming.The opportunity to express them can make it much easier to understand yourself and others. As I acknowledge your feelings and respect you as a person in your own right, you gain self-respect and a sense of being valued. This leads to building trust between counsellor and client, which is an essential part of the process.
07904 554468 View 07904 554468
Photo of Jookyoung Kim, Psychotherapist in London, England
Jookyoung Kim
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London E17
I’m a highly qualified and professionally experienced psychotherapist/counsellor and psychologist. I have abundant experience working with clients from diverse backgrounds and cultures in the NHS and the private settings, for both the short-term and long-term periods. Rather than offering clients so-called expert’s version of advice, I offer therapeutic work tailored to suit the individual needs of clients, whilst acting as a facilitator to the clients’ process to find their own ways to deal with their issues. This will lead the clients to experience self-discovery and self-acceptance while strengthening their self-healing process.
I’m a highly qualified and professionally experienced psychotherapist/counsellor and psychologist. I have abundant experience working with clients from diverse backgrounds and cultures in the NHS and the private settings, for both the short-term and long-term periods. Rather than offering clients so-called expert’s version of advice, I offer therapeutic work tailored to suit the individual needs of clients, whilst acting as a facilitator to the clients’ process to find their own ways to deal with their issues. This will lead the clients to experience self-discovery and self-acceptance while strengthening their self-healing process.
020 3984 7852 View 020 3984 7852
Photo of The Lifeline Counselling ltd, Counsellor in London, England
The Lifeline Counselling ltd
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SE1
Life happens, and the majority of the time we seem to find a way to "happen" with it. We find a way to navigate through the motions of "doing" and get to a place of "being". Being excited, being present, being happy - but sometimes along the way it can get confusing, blurry and we can feel a bit lost. As a certified counsellor, I work with you through the confusion, to get to a place of clarity. I explore the past and present with you using an integrated therapeutic approach - blending the different skills I've learnt in practice to assist you with where you are right now. Many therapists talk about the varying styles of therapy
Life happens, and the majority of the time we seem to find a way to "happen" with it. We find a way to navigate through the motions of "doing" and get to a place of "being". Being excited, being present, being happy - but sometimes along the way it can get confusing, blurry and we can feel a bit lost. As a certified counsellor, I work with you through the confusion, to get to a place of clarity. I explore the past and present with you using an integrated therapeutic approach - blending the different skills I've learnt in practice to assist you with where you are right now. Many therapists talk about the varying styles of therapy
020 8090 7623 View 020 8090 7623
Photo of Atanaska Donkova, Psychologist in London, England
Atanaska Donkova
Psychologist, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
London W1U
Do you experience difficulties in a certain area such as career, relationships, self-esteem, health-physical and mental, or maybe there are difficulties in all areas of your life? And even though you understand that something is wrong, you can't pinpoint where and what the problem is. Do you want a career and a decent financial reward, a loving and harmonious relationship with a partner you can count, great physical and mental health and wonderful relationship with family and friends? Then do not procastinate anymore and book a session with me. Together we will try and find out solution to all your problems, step by step.
Do you experience difficulties in a certain area such as career, relationships, self-esteem, health-physical and mental, or maybe there are difficulties in all areas of your life? And even though you understand that something is wrong, you can't pinpoint where and what the problem is. Do you want a career and a decent financial reward, a loving and harmonious relationship with a partner you can count, great physical and mental health and wonderful relationship with family and friends? Then do not procastinate anymore and book a session with me. Together we will try and find out solution to all your problems, step by step.
020 3835 2347 View 020 3835 2347
Photo of Pashmina Nanwani, Counsellor in London, England
Pashmina Nanwani
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
London W14  (Online Only)
My name is Pashmina, I am an experienced Relational Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I am Indian by origin, and have lived in Africa, Spain, Middle East and the UK. With my experience and London being so ethnically diverse, cultural and social differences play a huge role in my practice and continues to be an area of focus. I have gained experience of working with anxiety, trauma, depression, relationship issues, and many other issues. I continue to work with clients at a centre affiliated with the NHS and as well as clients in my private practice. I offer both short-term and open ended therapy.
My name is Pashmina, I am an experienced Relational Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I am Indian by origin, and have lived in Africa, Spain, Middle East and the UK. With my experience and London being so ethnically diverse, cultural and social differences play a huge role in my practice and continues to be an area of focus. I have gained experience of working with anxiety, trauma, depression, relationship issues, and many other issues. I continue to work with clients at a centre affiliated with the NHS and as well as clients in my private practice. I offer both short-term and open ended therapy.
020 4538 6596 View 020 4538 6596
Photo of Lucia Garcia, Counsellor in London, England
Lucia Garcia
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N16  (Online Only)
I focus on helping clients become empowered through self-awareness. Sometimes we need assistance to discover hidden parts of ourselves. We may want guidance to work out the underlying causes of the issues we are struggling with and to understand the meaning we give to our life events. I will assist you in exploring the motives behind behaviours, unhelpful thought patterns, and overwhelming feelings. Who would you be without the thoughts that upset you? Who would you be if you could feel free from the emotions and situations that weigh you down?
I focus on helping clients become empowered through self-awareness. Sometimes we need assistance to discover hidden parts of ourselves. We may want guidance to work out the underlying causes of the issues we are struggling with and to understand the meaning we give to our life events. I will assist you in exploring the motives behind behaviours, unhelpful thought patterns, and overwhelming feelings. Who would you be without the thoughts that upset you? Who would you be if you could feel free from the emotions and situations that weigh you down?
020 3984 9811 View 020 3984 9811
Photo of Dr Denika Campbell-Lee, Psychologist in London, England
Dr Denika Campbell-Lee
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London N13  (Online Only)
Do you feel misunderstood, either by others or even yourself? Are you struggling with your mood but don't know why? Do you find yourself tearful, anxious, confused or angry? Do you have days where you are able to function with your struggles and days you find it too hard to function? Hi there! My name is Denika and I would love to help! We'll think about everything that makes you, you! Including cultural and social aspects which are not typically considered in traditional therapeutic models. There are many versions of you, and together we can discover the version you want to be most present.
Do you feel misunderstood, either by others or even yourself? Are you struggling with your mood but don't know why? Do you find yourself tearful, anxious, confused or angry? Do you have days where you are able to function with your struggles and days you find it too hard to function? Hi there! My name is Denika and I would love to help! We'll think about everything that makes you, you! Including cultural and social aspects which are not typically considered in traditional therapeutic models. There are many versions of you, and together we can discover the version you want to be most present.
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Photo of Hamilton Sargent, Counsellor in London, England
Hamilton Sargent
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London SW4
Waitlist for new clients
Does a relationship in your life cause you pain? Are you feeling stuck and unsure what to do? It could be that things are difficult with your partner or ex, parent or caregiver, colleague or friend. Maybe it's the relationship you have with yourself that gets you down. Relationships can be sources of love, support and nourishment but might also cause you to feel anxious, confused, and in turmoil. If this is your experience, we can work through these feelings together. I strongly believe everyone has a voice that deserves to be heard and I've seen how life changing having a safe space to talk things through without judgment can be.
Does a relationship in your life cause you pain? Are you feeling stuck and unsure what to do? It could be that things are difficult with your partner or ex, parent or caregiver, colleague or friend. Maybe it's the relationship you have with yourself that gets you down. Relationships can be sources of love, support and nourishment but might also cause you to feel anxious, confused, and in turmoil. If this is your experience, we can work through these feelings together. I strongly believe everyone has a voice that deserves to be heard and I've seen how life changing having a safe space to talk things through without judgment can be.
020 4538 1048 View 020 4538 1048
Photo of Mustafa Omer, Psychotherapist in London, England
Mustafa Omer
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London NW10  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a highly skilled and specialist Psychotherapist, I have a deep passion for helping individuals overcome the challenges they face and achieve their personal goals. With years of experience in the field, I possess a wealth of experience and expertise in various therapeutic approaches, which I use to develop tailored treatment plans that address the unique needs of each client.
As a highly skilled and specialist Psychotherapist, I have a deep passion for helping individuals overcome the challenges they face and achieve their personal goals. With years of experience in the field, I possess a wealth of experience and expertise in various therapeutic approaches, which I use to develop tailored treatment plans that address the unique needs of each client.
020 3535 6996 View 020 3535 6996
Photo of Susanne Zahn-Willsdon, Psychotherapist in London, England
Susanne Zahn-Willsdon
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London N1
I am a UKCP-accredited psychotherapist Core Process Psychotherapist (CPP). CPP, a mindfulness based, integrative, transpersonal approach, aims to address all aspects that make us who we are; there is complete interaction between the heart, mind, body, and spirit. Practicing mindfulness in relationship, I seek to offer a safe, non-judgemental space in which to deeply explore and integrate with kindness and compassion, orienting to your inherent health and wisdom, thus enabling you to move beyond your patterning and changing your relationship to yourself and others. I practice in person in- and outdoors, and also online.
I am a UKCP-accredited psychotherapist Core Process Psychotherapist (CPP). CPP, a mindfulness based, integrative, transpersonal approach, aims to address all aspects that make us who we are; there is complete interaction between the heart, mind, body, and spirit. Practicing mindfulness in relationship, I seek to offer a safe, non-judgemental space in which to deeply explore and integrate with kindness and compassion, orienting to your inherent health and wisdom, thus enabling you to move beyond your patterning and changing your relationship to yourself and others. I practice in person in- and outdoors, and also online.
020 3962 1028 View 020 3962 1028
Photo of Box Tree Clinic, Psychotherapist in London, England
Box Tree Clinic
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
London NW1
If you're feeling trapped by old patterns of behaviour, or if your life just doesn't feel fulfilling, or there are some problems - or some people - you find difficult to deal with :- then I can help you to discover new resources or unlock old ones. Together we can work towards creating a better future for you. I have helped hundreds of clients over more than 20 years to find more peace and satisfaction.
If you're feeling trapped by old patterns of behaviour, or if your life just doesn't feel fulfilling, or there are some problems - or some people - you find difficult to deal with :- then I can help you to discover new resources or unlock old ones. Together we can work towards creating a better future for you. I have helped hundreds of clients over more than 20 years to find more peace and satisfaction.
020 3962 0340 View 020 3962 0340
Photo of Astrid Montuire, Counsellor in London, England
Astrid Montuire
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SW1V
Are you struggling emotionally in your day-to-day life? Are you in a period where you need to find a sense of well-being, meaning in your life? Are you feeling low? anxious? isolated? and you would like to understand more yourself and/ or explore what is affecting you. There are many different moments and reasons in life which require to take some time and reflect in order to feel better.
Are you struggling emotionally in your day-to-day life? Are you in a period where you need to find a sense of well-being, meaning in your life? Are you feeling low? anxious? isolated? and you would like to understand more yourself and/ or explore what is affecting you. There are many different moments and reasons in life which require to take some time and reflect in order to feel better.
020 3917 4063 View 020 3917 4063
Photo of Miles Chinnachart Poola-Or, Psychotherapist in London, England
Miles Chinnachart Poola-Or
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N10  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I believe our personal experiences have a profound impact on how we perceive and interact with the world around us. We receive messages on how we should live our lives, and we learn to accommodate those messages in hopes to "fit in" with society. As an Asian gay man and being sent to boarding school, I understand the challenges of living authentically while also trying to honour the norms, values, and expectations of the community you come from.
As a therapist, I believe our personal experiences have a profound impact on how we perceive and interact with the world around us. We receive messages on how we should live our lives, and we learn to accommodate those messages in hopes to "fit in" with society. As an Asian gay man and being sent to boarding school, I understand the challenges of living authentically while also trying to honour the norms, values, and expectations of the community you come from.
020 3823 6238 View 020 3823 6238

See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aviva
65% AXA PPP
58% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.