Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

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Photo of Meghan Jean Wilson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Meghan Jean Wilson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that we are all doing the best we can with what we have at the time. I also believe that your ways of coping make sense, given your context and the tools you have had access to. I hold gratitude and respect for your resourcefulness in finding a way to get through whatever traumas you've experienced, and I'm here to help if you are looking for more effective tools going forward.
I believe that we are all doing the best we can with what we have at the time. I also believe that your ways of coping make sense, given your context and the tools you have had access to. I hold gratitude and respect for your resourcefulness in finding a way to get through whatever traumas you've experienced, and I'm here to help if you are looking for more effective tools going forward.
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Photo of Dr. Dwan Milam-Reed, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Dr. Dwan Milam-Reed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416
Waitlist for new clients
I am a certified anxiety and trauma therapist (EMDR), and relationship expert (PhD. in marriage and family therapy and LICSW) with over 19 years of experience. I provide individual, couple, group, and family therapy. I have a natural health approach. Many of my clients are seeking alternatives other than prescription medication for anxiety and depression. I am a practitioner of yoga and a herbalist. I'm not just EMDR "trained", but also certified with advanced hours in trauma. Best times to reach me for a free phone consultation - before 11 am, between 2-3:00 and after 7 pm.
I am a certified anxiety and trauma therapist (EMDR), and relationship expert (PhD. in marriage and family therapy and LICSW) with over 19 years of experience. I provide individual, couple, group, and family therapy. I have a natural health approach. Many of my clients are seeking alternatives other than prescription medication for anxiety and depression. I am a practitioner of yoga and a herbalist. I'm not just EMDR "trained", but also certified with advanced hours in trauma. Best times to reach me for a free phone consultation - before 11 am, between 2-3:00 and after 7 pm.
(612) 500-4125 View (612) 500-4125
Photo of Nick Pranke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Nick Pranke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401
I believe the process of therapy is about the therapist and client joining together in a collaborative effort to work toward goals. Every person has strengths and values that are essential to living their best possible life. Sometimes obstacles get in the way of living those values and recognizing our strengths, including family, trauma, health concerns, and mental health difficulties. Through a systemic and trauma-informed lens, we will create individualized goals and approaches that best meet your needs.
I believe the process of therapy is about the therapist and client joining together in a collaborative effort to work toward goals. Every person has strengths and values that are essential to living their best possible life. Sometimes obstacles get in the way of living those values and recognizing our strengths, including family, trauma, health concerns, and mental health difficulties. Through a systemic and trauma-informed lens, we will create individualized goals and approaches that best meet your needs.
(763) 343-7399 View (763) 343-7399
Photo of Aleiya Penn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Aleiya Penn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LGSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416
Not accepting new clients
I am a psychodynamically informed therapist who is committed to helping clients live with more ease and joy in the face of suffering. I have experience working with adult clients and couples across the lifespan with a variety of presenting concerns including anxiety and panic, depression, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, life stage and relationship stress, and forms of developmental, religious, and sexual trauma. I am particularly passionate about working with clients who have entered the perinatal stage of life either through pregnancy, birth, fertility challenges, miscarriage, early child rearing, or abortion experiences.
I am a psychodynamically informed therapist who is committed to helping clients live with more ease and joy in the face of suffering. I have experience working with adult clients and couples across the lifespan with a variety of presenting concerns including anxiety and panic, depression, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, life stage and relationship stress, and forms of developmental, religious, and sexual trauma. I am particularly passionate about working with clients who have entered the perinatal stage of life either through pregnancy, birth, fertility challenges, miscarriage, early child rearing, or abortion experiences.
(612) 887-3459 View (612) 887-3459
Photo of Esmeralda Flores, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Esmeralda Flores
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401
I am a Latina therapist with experience supporting others through self esteem concerns, life changes, grief, anxiety, depression, and trauma(s). I have a special interest in first-generation Mexican-Americans. No judgements towards “No Sabo” kids here! I work well with people who are willing to explore and unpack their thoughts and feelings from a depth perspective. I invite you to develop new insights about yourself by understand patterns & clarifying emotions. I am trained in Brainspotting and help challenge individuals to explore somatic/physiological experiences of emotions in connection with their thoughts.
I am a Latina therapist with experience supporting others through self esteem concerns, life changes, grief, anxiety, depression, and trauma(s). I have a special interest in first-generation Mexican-Americans. No judgements towards “No Sabo” kids here! I work well with people who are willing to explore and unpack their thoughts and feelings from a depth perspective. I invite you to develop new insights about yourself by understand patterns & clarifying emotions. I am trained in Brainspotting and help challenge individuals to explore somatic/physiological experiences of emotions in connection with their thoughts.
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Photo of Heather Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Heather Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
So often in life we think the key to finding happiness exists in something outside of ourselves. We change jobs, partners, friends and cities only to find ourselves exactly as we were, living with the same problems and patterns, and ultimately in the same self-imposed prisons. As children, we intuitively develop adaptive solutions to maladaptive situations that enable us to protect our hearts and minds. Unbeknownst to our consciousness, these self-deceptions no longer protect us, but in fact compromise our capacity for growth.
So often in life we think the key to finding happiness exists in something outside of ourselves. We change jobs, partners, friends and cities only to find ourselves exactly as we were, living with the same problems and patterns, and ultimately in the same self-imposed prisons. As children, we intuitively develop adaptive solutions to maladaptive situations that enable us to protect our hearts and minds. Unbeknownst to our consciousness, these self-deceptions no longer protect us, but in fact compromise our capacity for growth.
(612) 223-7680 View (612) 223-7680
Photo of Ashley Vitek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Ashley Vitek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55403  (Online Only)
Are you currently going through significant changes in life, finding yourself feeling complacent and unable to take the steps to achieve your goals? Or maybe you have past trauma that seems to keep coming up that is impacting your current relationships? Therapy is about self- discovery, personal growth and healing. I prioritize collaborating with my clients to build a trusting, nonjudgmental, laid-back relationship that allows me to provide validation, introspection, while also keeping it real and challenging you to do the deeper work that often constitutes healing.
Are you currently going through significant changes in life, finding yourself feeling complacent and unable to take the steps to achieve your goals? Or maybe you have past trauma that seems to keep coming up that is impacting your current relationships? Therapy is about self- discovery, personal growth and healing. I prioritize collaborating with my clients to build a trusting, nonjudgmental, laid-back relationship that allows me to provide validation, introspection, while also keeping it real and challenging you to do the deeper work that often constitutes healing.
(651) 412-1426 View (651) 412-1426
Photo of Jade Erickson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Jade Erickson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55417
Waitlist for new clients
Jade loves working with people who are struggling with anxiety, trauma, fear around death and dying, and specifically specializes in supporting people who are moving through traumatic forms of grief. She will strive to help you heal trauma, integrate losses, amplify joy in moments of despair, and work to uncover ways to honor the life lived. Jade also enjoys working with deconstructing (and possibly reconstructing) faith or spirituality. Jade supports all religions, no religion, and spiritual-but-not-religious.
Jade loves working with people who are struggling with anxiety, trauma, fear around death and dying, and specifically specializes in supporting people who are moving through traumatic forms of grief. She will strive to help you heal trauma, integrate losses, amplify joy in moments of despair, and work to uncover ways to honor the life lived. Jade also enjoys working with deconstructing (and possibly reconstructing) faith or spirituality. Jade supports all religions, no religion, and spiritual-but-not-religious.
(612) 979-1877 View (612) 979-1877
Photo of Caroline Kelly, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Caroline Kelly
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55426
If starting therapy with a new therapist feels a little bit daunting, that’s alright! Life and all its stressors can be difficult to manage sometimes, and having positive support can make a huge difference for our mental health. I believe that everyone deserves to have a safe space where they can openly share their story, regardless of their various identities, background, or personal experiences. Healing is not linear; healing can be slow, stressful, and confusing. Sometimes we aren't quite sure where to start. My intention is to meet you with empathy and nonjudgmental care.
If starting therapy with a new therapist feels a little bit daunting, that’s alright! Life and all its stressors can be difficult to manage sometimes, and having positive support can make a huge difference for our mental health. I believe that everyone deserves to have a safe space where they can openly share their story, regardless of their various identities, background, or personal experiences. Healing is not linear; healing can be slow, stressful, and confusing. Sometimes we aren't quite sure where to start. My intention is to meet you with empathy and nonjudgmental care.
(763) 373-5304 View (763) 373-5304
Photo of Dr. Kate Esterline, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Dr. Kate Esterline
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55414
In addition to helping with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, identity issues, and life transitions, I focus on concerns about sexual orientation, sexual behavior and relationships, gender identity, substance use, and addictive behaviors. We will work together to identify the goals you want to focus on. I draw from several therapy approaches to find an approach and a rhythm that works best for you. Developing and maintaining your sense of identity and autonomy are integral elements of therapy, and it is important to me to prioritize these in our work together in a warm, genuine, and collaborative space.
In addition to helping with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, identity issues, and life transitions, I focus on concerns about sexual orientation, sexual behavior and relationships, gender identity, substance use, and addictive behaviors. We will work together to identify the goals you want to focus on. I draw from several therapy approaches to find an approach and a rhythm that works best for you. Developing and maintaining your sense of identity and autonomy are integral elements of therapy, and it is important to me to prioritize these in our work together in a warm, genuine, and collaborative space.
(612) 448-9971 View (612) 448-9971
Photo of Lauren Stevens, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Lauren Stevens
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55416
Waitlist for new clients
I am here to support a wide variety of clients who struggle with anxious thoughts and a depressed mood. I especially enjoy working with those who struggle to manage ADHD symptoms. Additionally, I find joy in supporting those who may be questioning or ready to explore their sexuality or gender identity. As a therapist, I am here to help you achieve your individualized goals, in addition to feeling confident and capable in your own body.
I am here to support a wide variety of clients who struggle with anxious thoughts and a depressed mood. I especially enjoy working with those who struggle to manage ADHD symptoms. Additionally, I find joy in supporting those who may be questioning or ready to explore their sexuality or gender identity. As a therapist, I am here to help you achieve your individualized goals, in addition to feeling confident and capable in your own body.
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Photo of Angela Callais, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Angela Callais
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55407  (Online Only)
I work with people who want to show up in the world and be embraced for ALL of who they are. Most of us have things that we keep hidden from others around us - locked away because we are worried that we are broken, weird, fearful of how we will be judged. The problem is, even when we are great at hiding - these things slowly but surely permeate our lives from the inside out. Everyone around you thinks you've got it all together, but on the inside - you know something is off, and you're ready to figure it out and do something different. You're ready to be honest and curious and open and make a change - to find YOUR courageous truth.
I work with people who want to show up in the world and be embraced for ALL of who they are. Most of us have things that we keep hidden from others around us - locked away because we are worried that we are broken, weird, fearful of how we will be judged. The problem is, even when we are great at hiding - these things slowly but surely permeate our lives from the inside out. Everyone around you thinks you've got it all together, but on the inside - you know something is off, and you're ready to figure it out and do something different. You're ready to be honest and curious and open and make a change - to find YOUR courageous truth.
(612) 260-9359 View (612) 260-9359
Photo of Kelle A Kasner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Kelle A Kasner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Waitlist for new clients
Have you made significant changes in your life but find yourself stuck in old patterns? Are you in recovery from drugs or alcohol or disordered eating, but still find yourself struggling in other ways? My Name is Kelle Kirk and I help folks in recovery STAY in recovery. Many of us have found out that cutting out the drinking or drugging or changing our relationship to food or our bodies didn't "fix" everything; in some ways, maybe we found things to be more intense or complicated in this new landscape. You have come so far and made such progress, let's work on the being human and truly do something different.
Have you made significant changes in your life but find yourself stuck in old patterns? Are you in recovery from drugs or alcohol or disordered eating, but still find yourself struggling in other ways? My Name is Kelle Kirk and I help folks in recovery STAY in recovery. Many of us have found out that cutting out the drinking or drugging or changing our relationship to food or our bodies didn't "fix" everything; in some ways, maybe we found things to be more intense or complicated in this new landscape. You have come so far and made such progress, let's work on the being human and truly do something different.
(612) 778-3943 View (612) 778-3943
Photo of Anna Bernstein, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Anna Bernstein
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55441
Do you feel you have a lot of conflict within your relationship? Are you healing from an affair, divorce, or loss of a loved one? Does your mental health inhibit your daily functioning? Have you found yourself committing self-sabotaging behavior? These are problems I can help with. As a therapist, I strive to create a safe environment where individuals and couples can process their emotions, and feel heard, accepted, and respected. My goal is to build a strong relationship with each client through warmth, empathy, and authenticity. I want to meet you where you are and help bring progress and connection to couples and families.
Do you feel you have a lot of conflict within your relationship? Are you healing from an affair, divorce, or loss of a loved one? Does your mental health inhibit your daily functioning? Have you found yourself committing self-sabotaging behavior? These are problems I can help with. As a therapist, I strive to create a safe environment where individuals and couples can process their emotions, and feel heard, accepted, and respected. My goal is to build a strong relationship with each client through warmth, empathy, and authenticity. I want to meet you where you are and help bring progress and connection to couples and families.
(651) 424-0852 x32 View (651) 424-0852 x32
Photo of Mark W Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Mark W Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55406
I enjoy seeing a wide variety of clients as I am able to offer them some unique perspectives to improve and change their current situation. It is my hope that our work together will challenge you to grow in ways you imagined and in some you do not. I have been a pastor in the Lutheran church and that gives me some unique abilities to help you utilize your faith as a strength. Although faith is not a prerequisite to counseling, I offer faith based counseling for those who have spirituality as one of their resources. I also see the value of animals in the lives of my clients and we offer a pet friendly environment.
I enjoy seeing a wide variety of clients as I am able to offer them some unique perspectives to improve and change their current situation. It is my hope that our work together will challenge you to grow in ways you imagined and in some you do not. I have been a pastor in the Lutheran church and that gives me some unique abilities to help you utilize your faith as a strength. Although faith is not a prerequisite to counseling, I offer faith based counseling for those who have spirituality as one of their resources. I also see the value of animals in the lives of my clients and we offer a pet friendly environment.
(612) 712-6675 View (612) 712-6675
Photo of Kay Ferrell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Kay Ferrell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401
Life offers us various challenges. Sometimes these challenges come in the form of a life transition, an interpersonal conflict, or a persistent mental health concern. Therapy offers us an opportunity to explore these challenges and move through them in an intentional manner.
Life offers us various challenges. Sometimes these challenges come in the form of a life transition, an interpersonal conflict, or a persistent mental health concern. Therapy offers us an opportunity to explore these challenges and move through them in an intentional manner.
(763) 296-3113 View (763) 296-3113
Photo of Mitch Fuchs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Mitch Fuchs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55404
I commonly work with men’s issues, non-monogamy, life transitions, addiction, anxiety, identity exploration, and communication issues.
I commonly work with men’s issues, non-monogamy, life transitions, addiction, anxiety, identity exploration, and communication issues.
(612) 688-3316 View (612) 688-3316
Photo of Carly Gershone, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Carly Gershone
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55415
I’m so glad you’re here and thinking about coming to therapy! I see adolescents and adults, and I specialize in working with teens and young/emerging adults. I have a lot of experience working with folks who are experiencing anxiety, self-harm, problems with eating/body image, identity exploration, and family/relationship concerns. I identify as queer, and I work from a harm reduction, sex positive, trans-allied, feminist, fat acceptance/HAES lens.
I’m so glad you’re here and thinking about coming to therapy! I see adolescents and adults, and I specialize in working with teens and young/emerging adults. I have a lot of experience working with folks who are experiencing anxiety, self-harm, problems with eating/body image, identity exploration, and family/relationship concerns. I identify as queer, and I work from a harm reduction, sex positive, trans-allied, feminist, fat acceptance/HAES lens.
(612) 662-9050 View (612) 662-9050
Photo of Jeff Walter, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Jeff Walter
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55419
I provide therapy personalized to address your distinct goals and needs. My therapeutic approach is integrative and relationship-focused, influenced by liberation psychology, feminist/multicultural, and humanistic/existential lenses. I trained as a generalist and also have extensive experience working with overlapping healthcare needs, trauma survivors, people coping with experiences of domestic violence and abuse, and students addressing topics such as academic success, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, identity development, and healthy relationships. I continue to refine a culturally humble approach to psychotherapy work.
I provide therapy personalized to address your distinct goals and needs. My therapeutic approach is integrative and relationship-focused, influenced by liberation psychology, feminist/multicultural, and humanistic/existential lenses. I trained as a generalist and also have extensive experience working with overlapping healthcare needs, trauma survivors, people coping with experiences of domestic violence and abuse, and students addressing topics such as academic success, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, identity development, and healthy relationships. I continue to refine a culturally humble approach to psychotherapy work.
(612) 439-2189 View (612) 439-2189
Photo of Robin Hicks, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Robin Hicks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55430
My name is Robin Hicks I’m the first person in three generations to earn a college degree. I earned a Bachelor’s degree in Business Management from Spalding University in Louisville Kentucky, and a Master’s degree in Marriage & Family therapy from St Mary’s University in Minnesota. I grew up in Minneapolis with many challenges, trauma, and one parent household. My ambition has helped me to guide others in their quest to identify, to develop and deliver their purpose in life. I have supported others in a variety of settings from infants to adults and families. presenting with a variety of emotional, social, and behavioral concerns.
My name is Robin Hicks I’m the first person in three generations to earn a college degree. I earned a Bachelor’s degree in Business Management from Spalding University in Louisville Kentucky, and a Master’s degree in Marriage & Family therapy from St Mary’s University in Minnesota. I grew up in Minneapolis with many challenges, trauma, and one parent household. My ambition has helped me to guide others in their quest to identify, to develop and deliver their purpose in life. I have supported others in a variety of settings from infants to adults and families. presenting with a variety of emotional, social, and behavioral concerns.
(763) 347-2790 View (763) 347-2790

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Minneapolis, MN who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% UCare
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Minneapolis, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minneapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.